When words containing /b/ or /d/ are read, they are frequently misread because they have been perceived oppositely, as, for example, /bad/ for /dab/, /big/ for /dig/, etc., or vice versa. This confusion represents the exact mirror-imaging that some learning disabled experience. Reversals - The most common problem cited to exemplify reversals is the confusion between /b/ and /d/.

Three of the more common forms of discrimination problems to be noted in the learning disabled include reversals, rotations, and inversions: Recognizing letters requires the ability to make rather fine discriminations which, in turn, depends on the ability to make gross visual discriminations. They especially find difficulty making differentiation between similar-looking letters such as /n/, /m/, /u / or /b/, /d/, /p/, /q/, etc., or between words such as /hat/, /hot/, /hate/ or /pug/, /bug/, or /no/, /on/, etc. The child who has difficulties in visual discrimination are unable to recognize similarities and differences between letters and words. Sutaria ( Specific Learning Disabilities: Nature and Needs), are visual discrimination difficulties slow rate of perception visual sequencing difficulties visual memory disorders deficits in visual analysis and synthesis omissions, additions, and substitutions and losing place while reading. Symptoms and characteristicsĪmong the manifestations which characterize visual dyslexia, according to Saroj D. Visual dyslexia is a subtype of dyslexia that refers to children who struggle with reading because they have problems remembering and discriminating visual gestalts. Synonyms are surface dyslexia, dyseidetic dyslexia, and orthographic dyslexia. The terms visual dyslexia and auditory dyslexia are often used by scholars to describe two main types of dyslexia. Spelling and writing are usually included due to their close relationship with reading.ĭyslexia is considered to be a neurological disorder in the brain that causes information to be processed and interpreted differently, resulting in reading difficulties. It is used to refer to persons for whom reading is simply beyond their reach. The term dyslexia was coined from the Greek words dys, meaning ill or difficult, and lexis, meaning word.

Auditory dyslexia symptoms